Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS)

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) is a clinically significant condition that manifests in individuals who have engaged in heavy and prolonged alcohol use and then suddenly cease or significantly reduce their alcohol consumption. Typically presenting within 1 to 3 days after the last drink, AWS can encompass a wide array of symptoms, ranging from mild anxiety and tremors to severe complications like seizures and delirium tremens. Intriguingly, symptoms of AWS can sometimes emerge even when the alcohol blood level is still elevated, indicating a complex interplay between physiological dependence and alcohol clearance from the body.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), provides a structured approach to diagnosing AWS. According to DSM-5, two primary criteria must be met to establish a diagnosis of AWS: firstly, there must be clear evidence of cessation or a significant reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use. Secondly, the symptoms experienced by the individual should not be attributable to other medical conditions or mental or behavioural disorders. This distinction is crucial for ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of AWS.

The prevalence of AWS in individuals with a history of long-term heavy alcohol consumption is notable, with up to 50% experiencing...