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Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a typically harmless substance (allergen), triggering symptoms that can range from mild (such as sneezing or itching) to severe, life-threatening reactions (anaphylaxis). To investigate these reactions, various tests can be performed to identify the specific allergen causing the response.
Skin tests are one of the most common and useful methods for diagnosing allergies.
These tests work by exposing the skin to small amounts of suspected allergens and observing the body's reaction. The main types of skin tests are:
| Type of Test | Principle | Procedure | Use | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin Prick Test (SPT) | Used to diagnose IgE-mediated allergies by placing an allergen on the skin and pricking to allow entry. | Allergen is applied to the skin and pricked to introduce it. A raised wheal and flare may indicate sensitivity. | First-line test for allergies to common allergens like pollen, dust mites, and certain foods. High sensitivity and negative predictive value, especially for ruling out food allergies (Norolahi et al., 2022). | Not suitable for people with severe skin conditions or those on antihistamines. Can miss drug allergies. |
| Intradermal Test (IDT) | More sensitive than SPT, used... |
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