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Suspected angina requires a structured approach for diagnosis, utilizing both non-invasive and invasive techniques. Non-invasive imaging like echocardiography, stress testing, myocardial perfusion imaging, and cardiac CT angiography provide valuable information about myocardial function and coronary artery anatomy. Invasive procedures such as coronary angiography offer definitive assessment and therapeutic options.
Emerging technologies like Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and cardiac PET scans are advancing the precision of ischemia evaluation. Understanding these options enables clinicians to engage in informed discussions with patients regarding the most appropriate investigative strategies.
| Category | Investigation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Invasive Imaging | Echocardiogram | Uses ultrasound to assess cardiac structure and function, can detect wall motion abnormalities suggestive of ischemia. |
| Stress Echocardiography | Combines echocardiography with exercise or pharmacological stress to evaluate for inducible ischemia. | |
| Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) | Nuclear imaging technique to evaluate myocardial blood flow and detect ischemia. | |
| Cardiac CT Angiography (CCTA) | CT imaging with contrast to visualize coronary artery anatomy and detect significant stenosis. | |
| Cardiac MRI | Provides detailed images of cardiac structures, function, and perfusion; can detect scar tissue and ischemia. | |
| Invasive Imaging | Coronary Angiography | Invasive procedure using catheterization to visualize coronary arteries and assess for blockages. |
| Functional Testing | Exercise Stress Test | Monitors ECG and symptoms during graded... |
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