Asperger Syndrome (AS) : Overview

Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is part of the broader autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Historically recognized for its distinct profile, AS is characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication, coupled with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. Unlike other forms of ASD, individuals with Asperger Syndrome typically do not have significant delays in language development and often possess average or above-average intelligence.

In 1944, Hans Asperger, an Austrian paediatrician, introduced the concept of "autistic psychopathy," marking a pivotal moment in the understanding of autism spectrum disorders. His paper focused on children who exhibited significant challenges in non-verbal communication and social skills. While Asperger's work paralleled that of Leo Kanner, who is often credited with first describing autism, Asperger's observations were distinct in that they related to higher-functioning individuals. In 1981, Lorna Wing, a prominent British psychiatrist, brought renewed attention to Asperger's work. She coined the term "Asperger syndrome," distancing the condition from the negative implications of the word "psychopathy." Wing not only provided a historical overview of the syndrome but also redefined and refined Asperger’s initial diagnostic criteria. She emphasized the spectrum nature of autism, drawing a continuum from "Kanner's autism" (lower-functioning) through...