Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ( BPH )

Benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) is a histologic diagnosis that refers the proliferation of smooth muscle and epithelial cell within the prostate transition zone ( American Urological Association 2010 ).

The exact etiology is unknown , one of the proposed theories is reawakening on adulthood of embryonic induction processesThe enlarged gland leads to LUTS ( Lower urinary tract symptoms ) by two mechanisms-Direct bladder outlet obstruction ( BOO ) from enlarged tissue - this is the static component-Increased smooth muscle tone and resistance within the enlarged gland- this is the dynamic component.

Voiding symptoms are associated due to the physical presence of direct bladder outlet obstruction ( BOO ) - due to BOO compressing the urethra BOO may lead to LUTS , infections , retention , renal failure , hematuria and bladder calculi Detrusor over-activity is thought to be associated with storage symptoms seen in LUTS It is important to note that prostate volume does not linearly correlate with severity of BOO or LUTS

How common ? BPH is a common disease in older men & its prevalence increases with age A paper in 1995 ( Bulletin for decision makers on the effectiveness of health service interventions ) reported...