Bipolar disorder : DSM 5 diagnostic criteriae

Bipolar disorders, as classified by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), represent a group of brain disorders that significantly affect a person's mood, energy levels, and overall functionality. These disorders are characterized by marked fluctuations in mood, ranging from extreme highs (mania or hypomania) to lows (depression). Bipolar disorder is categorized into three main types: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymic Disorder.

Type of Bipolar Disorder	Characteristics
Bipolar I Disorder	• Manic or mixed episodes lasting at least 7 days, or severe manic symptoms requiring hospitalization. • Depressive episodes usually occur, typically lasting at least 2 weeks. • Can occur with or without psychotic episodes.
Bipolar II Disorder	• Pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. • No full-blown manic or mixed episodes. • Episodes are typically less severe and do not inhibit function significantly.
Cyclothymic Disorder	• Numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms. • Lasts for at least 2 years in adults, 1 year in children and adolescents. • Symptoms do not meet the full criteria for a hypomanic or depressive episode.

The World Health Organization conducted a study that found consistent rates and characteristics of bipolar spectrum disorder...

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