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The following table, "Bone Profile: A Clinician's Guide," offers an integrated understanding of bone profile tests. This resource is tailored to the UK's clinical units and guidelines. The table lists the standard test parameters and delves into the physiological basis behind these markers, emphasizing the role of critical hormones such as Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Vitamin D, and Calcitonin in calcium metabolism. This knowledge is fundamental for primary care clinicians and other medical professionals to accurately diagnose and manage bone-related disorders. Therefore, this guide aims to serve quick-reference tool for healthcare practitioners in primary care.
| Test | Normal Range (UK) | Physiology and Role of Hormones | Interpretation | Possible Causes of Abnormalities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca) | 2.2-2.6 mmol/L | Essential for bone health; regulated by PTH and calcitonin | ↑ or ↓ suggests parathyroid, renal or malignancy issues | Hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, cancers |
| Phosphate (PO4) | 0.8-1.5 mmol/L | Crucial for bone mineralization; regulated by PTH | ↑ in renal failure, ↓ in malabsorption | CKD, malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | 30-130 U/L | Enzyme involved in bone formation and turnover | ↑ often suggests bone turnover or liver disease | Paget's disease, osteomalacia, liver diseases |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.7-1.0 mmol/L | Co-factor for enzymatic reactions; affects PTH secretion | ↑ or ↓ may indicate renal or... |
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