Cancer of urinary bladder

Most common malignancy of the urinary tract The urinary tract which is made of the kidneys , ureters , the bladder and the urethra - it is lined with transitional cell urothelium from the renal pelvis to the proximal urethra Urothelial ( also called transitional cell carcinoma ) can develop any where along the urinary tract Bladder cancer accounts for about 90 % to 95 % of urothelial carcinoma Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas ( TCC ) ie the cancer starts in cells called transitional cells in the bladder lining ( urothelium ) Bladder cancer can be seen as a spectrum of diseases from recurrent non-invasive tumours to aggressive or advanced stage disease which needs multimodal and invasive approach It should be noted that WHO has replaced the term TCC with urothelial cell carcinoma and classifies bladder cancer as low grade ( grade 1 and 2 ) or high grade ( grade 3 ) depending upon the degree of nuclear anaplasia and architectural abnormalities Uncommon types of bladder cancers include squamous cell carcinoma , small- cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Relatively common cancer of the elderly -median age of diagnosis is 72 yrs for men and 75 in women...