Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement and posture disorders resulting from non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain. As the most common motor disability in childhood, CP affects approximately 2 to 3 per 1,000 live births worldwide. The condition is heterogeneous, encompassing a wide range of motor dysfunctions that affect muscle tone, posture, and movement. While the brain abnormalities that cause CP do not progress, the clinical expression of the disorder may change over time as the central nervous system matures.

The motor impairments associated with CP lead to varying degrees of limitations in functional abilities, which can range from mild to severe. These impairments often come with additional symptoms, such as altered sensation or perception, intellectual disability, communication and behavioral difficulties, seizures, and musculoskeletal complications.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is classified using several systems that focus on different functional abilities to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's capabilities and needs. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) categorizes individuals based on their ability to perform gross motor tasks such as sitting, walking, and running, using a five-level scale from I (most able) to V (least able) . The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) assesses...