Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer - Cervical cancer can be of SCC ( 70 % to 80 % ) or cervical adenocarcinoma ( about 10 % of cases ) Unusual variants include clear cell carcinoma , neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenosquamour carcinoma Main cause of cervical or pre-cancer and cancer is persistent or chronic infection with one of the high risk ( oncogenic ) types of HPV ( in the US it is estimated that high risk oncogenic HPV 16 & 18 are associated with 99.7 % of all cervical cancers ) HPV are a family of small double stranded DNA viruses that infect the epithelium ( majority of anogenital warts are caused by low risk HP types 6 or 11 ) More than 100 types and low risk HPVs are associated with genital warts ( condylomas ) Type 16 causes about 50 % of cervical cancers worldwide and types 16 & 18 together account for about 66 % of cervical cancers HPV is seen in majority of sexually active people at some stage of their life and HPV related cervical dysplasia changes have been widely studied in women only ( men are only screened as part of research protocols ) HPV is the...