Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) : Frail patients

• Management of CKD in frail patients necessitates a more holistic and individualized approach, taking into account not just the kidney function but also the overall health status.
• Regular monitoring and early identification of risk factors like frailty, cognitive decline, and medication interactions can greatly aid in optimizing treatment and improving the quality of life.
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• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by either kidney structural abnormalities or functional issues lasting for more than three months.
• Common diagnostic criteria include either a urinary albumin: creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or more, or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2.
• Meeting either of these criteria is linked to negative health outcomes, including higher risks for all-cause and cardiovascular death.
• The likelihood of CKD increases with age, and it's most prevalent among the elderly.
• CKD poses an elevated health risk across all age groups but is particularly concerning for individuals over 75 years of age.
• More often than not, CKD leads to premature death rather than progression to end-stage kidney failure requiring replacement therapy.

Due to global ageing trends, CKD is expected to become the second most common cause of death in countries with high life expectancies by the end...