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Intrauterine contraceptive devices, especially those made of copper, have been widely recognized for their effectiveness in providing long-term, reversible contraception. However, like all medical interventions, there are potential risks and adverse effects associated with their use. The table below offers a concise summary of the possible risks and adverse effects associated with copper intrauterine devices as detailed by CKS NICE:
| Risk/Adverse Effect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Expulsion | Risk is about 1 in 20; most common in the first year, especially within 3 months after insertion. Higher rates postpartum, in adolescents, and other specific cases. |
| Infection | Increased risk in the first 3 weeks after insertion but overall risk is <1%. Possible risk of rare pelvic actinomycosis with long-term use. |
| Libido | Some report decreased libido, but for most, IUC has no impact or even a positive impact on sexual experiences. |
| Malpositioned Device | The IUC might be malrotated, displaced, embedded, or incorrectly deployed. Incorrect placement may increase contraceptive failure risk. |
| Non-visible Threads | Threads might not be visible due to expulsion, perforation, or pregnancy. Prevalence varies based on insertion timing. |
| Pain on Insertion | Ranges from none to severe. Analgesia or anaesthesia might be needed. |
| Pelvic Pain | Some women report pelvic pain or cramping. |
| Pregnancy | Very low risk... |
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