Correlation : Introduction to concept of Correlation in statistics

Correlation is a fundamental statistical tool used to examine the relationship between two or more variables. Its primary purpose is to determine how closely related these variables are to each other in a dataset. This concept is widely used in various fields such as medicine, psychology, economics, and social sciences, offering insights into how different factors are interrelated.

Let us try and understand the concept of correlation

1. What is Correlation?

   • Think of correlation as a way to see how two things move together. If one thing changes, does the other thing change in a similar way? This is what correlation measures.
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2. Correlation Coefficient: The Measuring Tool

   • The correlation coefficient is a number that tells us how strong the connection is between these two things. It's like a score for how well they move together.
   • This score ranges from -1 to +1.
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3. Understanding the Correlation Coefficient Values

   • Zero (0): If the score is zero, it means there's no connection at all. If one thing changes, the other doesn't necessarily change in any predictable way.
   • Negative Numbers: If the score is a negative number (between -1 and 0), it means the two things move in opposite directions. For example, when...