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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common chronic condition that affects millions of pregnant women worldwide, impairing their health and that of their unborn children. Formally recognized by O’Sullivan and Mahan in 1964, GDM is defined as hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy.
The global rise in obesity has contributed to the increasing prevalence of GDM, with estimates ranging from 1% to 30% of pregnancies, depending on screening methods, diagnostic criteria, and population demographics. GDM complicates over 20 million live births globally each year. This condition typically develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after birth. Women with GDM face an elevated risk of various pregnancy complications, underscoring the importance of early detection and effective management to ensure maternal and fetal health
| Category | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Risk Assessment | |
| Information for Women | Some women can control gestational diabetes with diet and exercise. |
| Most women will need oral blood glucose-lowering agents or insulin. | |
| If not detected and controlled, there is a small increased risk of serious adverse birth complications like shoulder dystocia. | |
| Women with gestational diabetes require more monitoring and interventions during pregnancy and labour. | |
| Risk Factors at Booking | BMI above 30 kg/m². |
| Appointment | Previous macrosomic baby (≥4.5 kg). |
| Previous gestational diabetes. | |
| Family history of... |
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