Diabetes – complications quick review chart

Diabetes complications – Microvascular Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy , Macrovascular Cardiovascular disease Stroke Peripheral arterial disease

Diabetic retinopathy most common microvascular complication develops slowly & affects 1 in 3 with diabetes a leading cause of visual loss in working -age population risk of developing DR is related to both presence of hypertension & severity of hyperglycemia two main stages○ Non-proliferative ( NDPR ) - early stage of DR , main changes are increased vascular permeability & capillary occlusion retinal pathologies noticed include microaneurysm , haemorrhages & hard exudates○ Proliferative ( PDR ) due to neovascularization. In PDR , patients may experience severe visual impairment due to vitreous haemorrhage or when tractional retinal detachment is present visual loss in DR is mostly due to development of diabetic macular edema any one over 12 in the UK with diabetes are invited for retinal screening once a year.

Diabetic neuropathy - involve both peripheral and autonomic nerves DN increases with age, the duration of diabetes and the magnitude of hyperglycemia DN can affect > 90 % of diabetic patients Diabetic neuropathic pain ( DPN ) patients c/o symptoms of burning , numbness, tingling, shooting , lancinating or even electric shock sensation, tends to be...