Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents one of the most significant microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus, primarily targeting the retina—a critical light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Over time, sustained hyperglycemia can inflict damage on the delicate blood vessels of the retina, disrupting its function and potentially leading to vision impairment or even blindness. With its stealthy progression, many individuals may remain symptom-free in the disease's early stages, making regular screenings essential. Accurate grading of DR, based on comprehensive screening protocols, allows for timely interventions, slowing or even halting disease progression. This introduction aims to outline the importance and nuances of DR screening and grading, crucial for effective patient management in primary care settings.
DR results from harm to the blood vessels in the retina, responsible for light detection.
The retina requires a significant oxygen supply, facilitated by a dense network of tiny vessels.
Elevated blood glucose levels weaken the vessel walls.
This damage reduces oxygen supply to the retina.
As oxygen deprivation intensifies, the retina grows new blood vessels.
These new vessels can lead to blindness.
Laser treatment at eye hospitals can halt these new vessels, preventing vision loss.
