Disulfiram ( Antabuse) : Treatment of alcohol dependence

Disulfiram is a critical pharmaceutical agent used in the management of alcohol dependence. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme crucial in the metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is consumed by individuals taking disulfiram, there is an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the bloodstream, leading to a series of unpleasant and potentially dangerous reactions. This biochemical effect forms the basis of disulfiram's role in deterring alcohol consumption.

The administration of disulfiram is recommended exclusively for adult and elderly patients and should be initiated in a controlled medical setting, such as a hospital or specialized clinic, under the guidance of clinicians experienced in its use. Before starting treatment, it is essential to ensure that the patient has not ingested alcohol for at least 24 hours. Additionally, patients must be fully informed about the potential dangers of the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. Adequate social and family support is crucial to assist the patient in avoiding alcohol ingestion during treatment with disulfiram. This supportive environment is vital to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment and ensure patient safety.