Dry eye disease

Dry Eye Disease (DED), often referred to as dry eye syndrome or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), represents one of the most frequently encountered ocular conditions seen by opticians/ primary care clinicians. Characterized by a multifaceted interplay of symptoms, DED arises from a disruption in the homeostasis of the tear film that coats the ocular surface. Such disturbances can manifest in various forms, ranging from mild discomfort to severe complications that can drastically impair vision.

The disease's aetiology is rooted in factors that lead to tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities. While its prevalence spans a wide range, DED predominantly affects the adult population, with its implications extending beyond the eyes to one's overall quality of life. This condition underscores the importance of comprehensive understanding and timely intervention in primary care to prevent potential complications and alleviate patient discomfort.