Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy resulting from implantation and maturation of the concepts outside of the endometrial cavity , which eventually ends in death of the fetus.98 % implant within the Fallopian tubes hence often used term tubal pregnancy .Rest occur in the abdomen , ovary , cervix or in a C-section scar

Epidemiology- Estimated prevalence 1-2 % globally In UK nearly 12000 diagnosed each year ( ie prevalence of 1.1 % ) More common following assisted reproduction - incidence about 4 % Mortality 0.2 % per 1000 estimated ectopic pregnancies ( ie very low )

Death rates from ectopic pregnancy have fallen steadily in the last few decades in the developed world despite an increase in prevalence concomitant with increased STI rates and associated salpingitis

Risk factors - Previous ectopic pregnancy Previous tubal surgery♦ sterilization♦ reversal of sterilization♦ tubal reconstruction or repair H/O PID , chlamydia or gonorrhoea Current use of Cu IUD or LNG-IUSIf a pregnancy occurs there is a high risk of ectopic particularly with LNG-IUS Known tubal infertility Assisted conception Endometriosis Smoking Increased maternal age Multiple sexual partners

Etiology -Current understanding of the cause is a combination of retention of the embryo within the Fallopian tube due to impaired...