Fibromyalgia : Initial history and assessment

Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome characterized by chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by a range of other symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. Affecting approximately 2-8% of the global population, fibromyalgia is more prevalent in women than men. The condition is primarily associated with central sensitization, a process where the nervous system becomes hyperactive in its perception and processing of pain signals, leading to an exaggerated pain response.

While the exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Inflammation, immune dysregulation, hormonal imbalances, and psychosocial stressors have all been implicated in its pathogenesis.

Diagnosis is typically made by a rheumatologist based on a history of widespread pain lasting for at least three months, along with the presence of tenderness in specific areas known as tender points.

Despite the significant impact fibromyalgia can have on quality of life, conventional treatments, primarily pharmacological, offer limited relief. As a result, many patients seek complementary therapies to manage their symptoms. Ongoing research continues to explore the underlying mechanisms of fibromyalgia and more effective treatments.