Glucagon-like peptide ( GLP-1 ) receptor agonists ( GLP-1 RAs )

Glucagon-like peptide ( GLP-1 ) receptor agonists ( GLP-1 RAs ) are injectables glucose lowering medications used in treatment of type 2 diabetes , they work by binding and activating the GLP-1 receptors in a manner similar to endogenous GLP-1

Stimulate insulin secretion after an oral glucose load via the incretin effect ( target both fasting and post-prandial glycemia )

Inhibit glucagon secretion ( pancreatic alpha cell -glucagon ) suppression.

Decreased liver glucose production.

Slow gastric emptying , ↑↑ satiety via CNS , ↑↑ ed insulin uptake in peripheral tissue via weight loss.

incretin analogues or mimics enhance body's natural response to food & ↓↓ glucose levels after eating ( improve glycemic control ) regulate insulin secretion in proportion to environmental glucose levels low risk of hypoglycemia facilitate weight loss ( shown efficacy in clinical trials to promote weight loss ) also mediate other effects which help in regulating glycemia as enhanced insulin synthesis , ß- cell proliferation & survival they do not stimulate insulin secretion or suppress glucagon secretion when glucose levels are not raised cardiovascular benefits include improved ○ LVEj fraction ○ myocardial contractility ○ coronary blood flow ○ cardiac output & endothelial function ( reducing infarction size...