Hashimoto thyroiditis

Hashimoto Thyroiditis, also known as Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. This condition is characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of thyroid cells, leading to a gradual decline in thyroid function. The pathogenesis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis involves the formation of antithyroid antibodies, which target and progressively damage the thyroid tissue, resulting in fibrosis and impaired thyroid hormone production.

The condition presents a unique diagnostic challenge, often remaining undetected until later stages. It is more prevalent in women and can be associated with other autoimmune disorders. Common laboratory findings indicative of Hashimoto Thyroiditis include elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, decreased free thyroxine (fT4), and the presence of antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies. However, early in the disease course, patients may exhibit varied signs, including those of hyperthyroidism or normal thyroid function, due to intermittent thyroid gland cell destruction.

The management of Hashimoto Thyroiditis primarily involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, typically with levothyroxine, to alleviate symptoms of hypothyroidism and normalize hormone levels. This condition's etiology is believed to be multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors leading to a breakdown in immunological tolerance and the...