Hypercalcemia of malignancy

Increase in the serum calcium level above the upper limit of normal for a given reference value used in a laboratory.We have used the acronym HCM ie hypercalcemia of malignancy for our purpose to describe the condition in this review here

Also known by other names as○ hypercalcemia of malignancy ( HCM )○ malignancy related hypercalcemia○ humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy ( HHM ) Seen frequently in patients with cancer particularly advanced cancer Can be seen in up to 10 % to 30 % of patient with cancer during the course of their disease ( can be seen with any type of tumour ) Most common cause of raised calcium in hospitalised patients is malignancy Multiple myeloma is the most common cancer associated with HCM○ seen in both- patients with solid tumours and haematological malignancies ○ others include lung and renal , breast and lung○ squamous cancers ( lymphomas and leukaemias )○ seen less commonly with prostate cancer ( even with extensive bony metastases )

What happens - Metabolic disorder The most common causes of hypercalcemia are hyperparathyroidism and malignancy Three main mechanisms of HCM - have been implicated○ excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone related protein○ local osteolytic hypercalcemia○ production of...