Immunoglobulins: Distribution, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are crucial components of the immune system. They are proteins produced by B cells that play a vital role in identifying and neutralizing foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. Each class of immunoglobulin has distinct features, distributions, and functions, contributing uniquely to the body's immune response. This table provides an in-depth look at the five major classes of immunoglobulins - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD. It outlines their primary locations in the body, their functions, and specific clinical conditions where their levels might be elevated or reduced. Understanding these aspects is critical for clinicians in diagnosing and managing various immune-mediated and infectious diseases.