Infertility : Baseline primary care workup

Infertility is a complex and multifaceted condition affecting approximately 1 in 7 couples globally. It is defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Early and effective diagnosis in primary care is crucial, as it can substantially influence the management and outcome of infertility treatments.

In line with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, a thorough approach to investigating infertility involves not only clinical assessments and diagnostic tests but also a comprehensive review of lifestyle factors that can impact fertility. The tables provided outline the essential baseline investigations for both female and male partners in a primary care setting. These investigations are designed to identify the most common reversible causes of infertility and assess overall reproductive health.

The evaluation process starts with an initial consultation where both partners' body mass indices (BMI) are measured. This visit also includes discussions about natural conception strategies such as the timing and frequency of sexual intercourse, and lifestyle factors that may affect fertility. Couples receive advice on limiting alcohol and caffeine intake, quitting smoking, and the impact of certain occupational and recreational drugs on fertility. Men are advised on...