Infertility : Semen analysis

Infertility is a complex issue that often requires a thorough evaluation of male reproductive health, with semen analysis being a cornerstone of this assessment. Clinicians must be well-versed in the indications for semen analysis, the methodology for conducting the analysis, and the interpretation of results, as guided by established national guidelines such as those from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American Urological Association (AUA).

Initial Assessment Steps

Assessment	Details
Full medical, sexual, and social history	Includes length of time trying to conceive, frequency of intercourse, and history of systemic diseases.
History of children born to the man	Includes children with the same or a different partner to assess reproductive history.
Frequency of sexual intercourse	Regular sexual intercourse every 2-3 days improves the chances of conception.
History of systemic diseases	Examples include cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes, liver cirrhosis.
History of testicular trauma or infections	Includes mumps, STIs, and testicular torsion or trauma.
Previous urogenital abnormalities or surgery	Such as undescended testis or surgery like orchidopexy, hernia repair.
Erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction	Affects fertility and may need to be assessed further.
Risk factors for infertility	Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol, occupational hazards, and...

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