Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis ( MS ) refers to a reduction in in mitral valve area and associated reduction in left ventricular inflow

Most common cause worldwide is rheumatic fever Rheumatic heart valve disease ( RHVD ) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death in children and young adults - mainly women in middle and low income countries Two thirds of the world population lives in developing countries with a high prevalence of rheumatic fever or RHVD Rheumatic heart disease causes 250 ,000 deaths in young people worldwide Rheumatic mitral valve stenosis is more common in females Incidence of RHVD has declined in the developed world with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10 000 ( on the contrary for e.g in Africa it is 35 cases per 100 000 ) It is estimated that up to 30 million schoolchildren and young adults have chronic rheumatic heart disease worldwide & nearly a third also have MS Degenerative calcification - DMS is the leading cause in the developed world○ seen in the elderly○ they often have other CV risk factors ( hypertension , atherosclerotic disease and often aortic stenosis )○ may also be seen in those with CKD or more rarely in congenital...