Morphine

Opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somnifera used in management of moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic

Morphine is a classic opioid analgesic which has an affinity for delta , kappa and mu -opioid receptors ( three major class )

Mu - Present in brainstem and thalamus. Role in supraspinal and spinal analgesia , sedation , inhibition of respiration, slowed GI transit , modulation of hormone and neurotransmitter release

Delta - Widely present in the brain , spinal cord and the digestive tract. Role in supraspinal and spinal analgesia , modulation of hormone and neurotransmitter release

Kappa - Present in the limbic system , diencephalon , brain stem and spinal cord . Role in supraspinal and spinal analgesia , sedation, psychomimetic effects , dependence

white crystalline solid used often in form of its sulfate salt an opiate agonist - binds and activates specific opiate receptors analgesic effect is primarily by binding to mu receptors in the CNS and PNS morphine and its metabolites act as agonists of the mu and kappa opioid receptors analgesic effect has both spinal and supraspinal components and simultaneous action on both- greatly amplifies analgesia leads to activation of descending inhibitory...