Ocular adverse effects of oral drugs

Medications taken orally are absorbed into the bloodstream and can have systemic effects on various organs, including the eyes. Due to its rich vascularization and small mass, the eye is particularly vulnerable to adverse effects caused by systemic medications. The intricate structure of the eye allows for a diverse range of functions, all of which can potentially be impacted by pharmacological agents. This review focuses on the most commonly recognized ocular disorders induced by drugs, detailing how specific medications can lead to a wide array of visual symptoms and pathologies.

From changes in tear production and intraocular pressure to alterations in color perception and retinal health, the table provided outlines key drug-induced ocular problems alongside examples of offending medications and their mechanisms of action. Understanding these associations is crucial for healthcare professionals to manage patient care effectively, ensuring that the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks to ocular health.