Oesophageal Cancer

Oesophageal cancer –

Eighth most common incident cancer world wide -extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate ( 5 yr survival is around 15 % to 25 % ) Two main histological subtypes oesophageal adenocarcinoma ( from columnar glandular cells ) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (from stratified squamous epithelial lining ) Risk factors , location , natural histories tend to differ substantially and globally more than 85 % of all incident OeCa cases are SCC's A highly fatal disease which is a global health problem , the GLOBOCAN project estimates that 572,034 new cases of OeCa which represents 3.2 % of all new cancers diagnosed globally and 508,585 deaths happened in 2018 No screening or surveillance algorithm till now has proven to be sufficient in discriminatory accuracy or external validation to support use in clinical practice.

Two geographical belts with high incidence of OeCa along north central China through the Central Asian republics to N Iran and 2nd from eastern to Southern Africa

Predominant subtype worldwide Affects the upper part of oesophagus More common in black individuals and white woman Incidence increases with age and tends to peak in 7th decade Risk factors include -○ smoking ○ excess alcohol...