Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is indeed a crucial intervention for treating dehydration, especially in cases of diarrhea and vomiting. Its effectiveness is based on a carefully balanced combination of ingredients that work together to facilitate rapid rehydration.

ORS typically contains a balanced mix of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, and bicarbonate or citrate. The standard WHO-recommended ORS formula includes:

• Sodium: 75 mmol/L
• Glucose: 75 mmol/L
• Potassium: 20 mmol/L
• Chloride: 65 mmol/L
• Citrate: 10 mmol/L

WHO-Recommended ORS Formula

The Key Role of Glucose and Sodium

Glucose and sodium are the primary components responsible for the efficacy of ORS. Their combined action is essential for several reasons:

1. Co-Transport Mechanism:
   • Absorption: Glucose and sodium are co-transported across the intestinal lining via the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-1). This means that the presence of glucose enhances the absorption of sodium.
   • Water Reabsorption: Sodium absorption, in turn, drives the reabsorption of water into the bloodstream, making the rehydration process efficient.
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The Role of Other Electrolytes

Other electrolytes in ORS play supportive but equally important roles:

1. Potassium:

   • Replenishment:...