Scalp Lump in Newborns : Differential Diagnoses

Scalp lumps in newborns are a relatively common finding and can arise from a variety of causes. These lumps can range from benign and self-limiting conditions to more serious congenital or acquired issues that require prompt medical attention. Understanding the potential differential diagnoses is crucial for clinicians to accurately assess and manage these cases.

The differential diagnoses for scalp lumps in newborns encompass a wide spectrum, including conditions such as caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, and subgaleal hemorrhage, which are often related to birth trauma. Other common benign lesions include sebaceous cysts, dermoid cysts, and scalp hemangiomas, which typically present as non-tender, well-circumscribed masses. Congenital anomalies such as meningocele and encephalocele represent more severe conditions that may present as scalp lumps and are associated with defects in skull and brain development.

Infections, such as osteomyelitis, though rare, can also present as scalp lumps, accompanied by systemic signs of infection. Vascular malformations like lymphatic malformations (lymphangiomas) and other congenital lesions like teratomas or lipomas add to the broad differential. Accurate diagnosis often requires a thorough clinical examination, detailed history, and sometimes imaging studies to determine the underlying cause and appropriate management.

Recognizing these various conditions and...