Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis represents a critical condition within primary care due to its rapid onset and potential for severe outcomes if not promptly recognized and managed. The primary care clinician's role is pivotal in the early identification of this joint-threatening infection, characterized by inflammation and resultant destruction of joint structures precipitated by an infectious agent. This acute condition requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients presenting with acute joint pain and systemic signs of infection.

The recognition of septic arthritis involves a thorough clinical evaluation, which includes a detailed history to identify risk factors such as pre-existing joint disease, recent surgery, skin infections, or underlying conditions that compromise the immune system. A careful physical examination is essential to detect signs of inflammation and effusion in the affected joint, which may be warm, swollen, and extremely tender to palpation.

Prompt referral to secondary care for further diagnostic evaluation, including joint aspiration, imaging, and laboratory tests, is crucial for the confirmation of the diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatment. Early antibiotic therapy and, when necessary, surgical intervention are essential to preserve joint integrity and function and to prevent systemic spread of the infection.