Sleep disorders : Introduction

Sleep disorders encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, leading to detrimental effects on health, quality of life, and daytime functioning. These disorders can range from common problems like insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea to less prevalent but equally impactful conditions such as narcolepsy and restless legs syndrome. The prevalence and impact of sleep disorders are increasingly recognized in the medical community, underscoring the need for effective diagnosis and management.

A recent study, for instance, illustrates the intricate relationship between sleep disorders and chronic conditions. In patients with diabetes, a significant percentage reported poor sleep quality, with nearly half screening positive for restless legs syndrome (RLS) and over half at an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This highlights the interconnected nature of sleep disorders and chronic diseases, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management.

To aid clinicians, particularly in primary care, in navigating the complexities of various sleep disorders, we present a detailed table. This table categorizes sleep disorders as per the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), providing a quick reference to understand and identify these conditions. It outlines major categories like insomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of...