Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer - Germ cell tumour arising in the testis

Uncommon disease Most common solid tumour among males 15-34 yrs of age in the US Represents 1 % of male neoplasms 5 % of urological tumours 3 to 10 cases occurring / 100 ,000 /yr Risk of developing testicular cancer is low Risk of dying from it is also very low ( < 1 % of all cancer deaths in males ) Incidence has been ↑↑ in last decades - particularly in industrialized countries ( unknown reason ) White men have the highest incidence compared with African and Asian men African-Americans tend to present with higher-grade disease and have much worse prognosis ( compared to whites ) Some of the highest rates in Scandinavian countries and Germany

Risk factors- Testicular dysgenesis syndrome components as ○ undescended testis ( cryptorchidism ) ○ hypospadias ○ ↓↓ spermatogenesis ( sub or infertility ) Family history of testicular tumours among first-grade relatives Previous h/o testicular cancer Testicular carcinoma in situ - also known as intratubular germ cell neoplasia ( TIN ) Testicular atrophy Inguinal hernia Genetic syndromes as Downs syndrome , Klinefelters Men with HIV/ AIDS White ethnicity Oestrogen exposure in utero Age- can...