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Hypertriglyceridemia often results from a mix of genetic factors and other causes, leading to elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A significant increase in triglycerides raises the risk of pancreatitis and requires lifestyle changes and medication to lower levels, along with investigating the underlying causes. Despite the positive impact of statin therapy on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes, a residual risk remains. In various studies, mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia has been established as an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, existing data doesn't definitively demonstrate that treating hypertriglyceridemia effectively reduces cardiovascular disease risk.
The main causes of raised TCG can be
| Genetic Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia | Syndromes |
|---|---|
| Present Primarily with HTG (Common) | Familial hypertriglyceridemia (excess VLDL, normal cholesterol), Familial combined hyperlipidemia (polymorphisms of apoC-II, apoC-III, etc.) |
| Present with Chylomicronemia (Rare) | Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency, Apolipoprotein AV deficiency, Dysbetalipoproteinemia |
|---|
| Secondary Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia | Medical Conditions |
|---|---|
| Associated with HTG | Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Chronic kidney disease, HIV, Pregnancy, Autoimmune conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus) |
| Medications Causing HTG | Thiazides, Beta-blockers, Oral estrogens, Tamoxifen, OCPs, Protease inhibitors, Atypical antipsychotics, Isotretinoin, Corticosteroids, Bile acid-binding resins, Sirolimus |
| Dietary Causes of HTG | Excessive alcohol intake, Foods rich in saturated fat or... |
|---|
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