Typhoid Fever : Management & complications

The management of typhoid fever necessitates a multifaceted approach that balances effective antimicrobial therapy with the consideration of local resistance patterns, supportive care, and the judicious use of diagnostic and monitoring tools. In regions where the disease is endemic, and resistance to first-line antibiotics is common, treatment regimens must be adapted based on the most recent data on susceptibility.

The primary goal is to eradicate the infection, alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and minimize the risk of transmission. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella Typhi, the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents has become more complex, often requiring the use of second-line drugs such as azithromycin and third-generation cephalosporins.

Supportive care, including hydration and nutritional support, plays a crucial role in patient recovery, especially in severe cases. This integrative treatment strategy aims to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with typhoid fever while addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.