Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a complex and often misunderstood condition characterized by involuntary contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, which can hinder vaginal penetration and cause significant distress for affected women.

The DSM-5 defines vaginismus as part of the broader category of Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD). This disorder encompasses difficulties with vaginal penetration, often accompanied by pain, fear, or marked tightening of the pelvic floor muscles.

DSM-5 Definition of Vaginismus (as part of Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder)

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder includes persistent or recurrent difficulties in one (or more) of the following areas:

1. Vaginal penetration during intercourse.
2. Marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or attempted penetration.
3. Marked fear or anxiety about pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration.
4. Marked tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration.
5. 
   

Diagnostic Criteria:

• The symptoms must cause significant distress or interpersonal difficulty.
• The symptoms must be present for at least 6 months.
• The symptoms cannot be better explained by a nonsexual mental disorder, a medical condition, or the effects of a substance or medication.

Epidemiology

• Prevalence is estimated at 1-7% of women worldwide, though exact figures are challenging to determine due to underreporting.
• Most...