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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is a neurological disorder that arises from a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). This condition is characterized by a sequence of two overlapping yet distinct syndromes: Wernicke syndrome (also known as Wernicke encephalopathy) and Korsakoff syndrome. Wernicke syndrome represents the acute phase of the disorder, while Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic and often irreversible stage that develops if Wernicke syndrome is left untreated.
| Stage | Symptoms | Characteristics | Outcome if Untreated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wernicke Syndrome (Acute Phase) | • Mental status changes (confusion, disorientation) • Ataxia (inability to coordinate voluntary movement) • Ocular abnormalities (nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis) | • Develops over days to weeks • Often linked to alcohol misuse or nutritional deficiencies • Early stage of WKS | Progression to Korsakoff syndrome; potential for coma and death |
| Transition to Korsakoff Syndrome | Begin as mental symptoms of Wernicke syndrome lessen | Occurs in 80-90% of individuals with untreated Wernicke syndrome | Chronic and often irreversible cognitive impairment |
| Korsakoff Syndrome (Chronic Phase) | • Memory impairment (short-term memory loss, confabulation) • Preserved social interaction • Peripheral neuropathy • Cardiovascular abnormalities | • Characterized by global amnesia and cognitive disorders • Individuals may be unaware of their illness | Long-lasting or permanent damage; affects nerves and... |
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