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Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. It predominantly affects children aged 1-3 years and is characterized by the growth of an abnormal mass in one or both kidneys. Though rare, with fewer than 50 cases annually in the UK, Wilms' tumor is a notable success story in pediatric oncology due to its high survival rate, particularly in cases of localized disease. The condition can sometimes be associated with genetic syndromes, with over 50 such syndromes identified. Early detection and treatment, often initiated following the identification of an abdominal mass, have significantly improved outcomes for affected children.
| Characteristic | Detail |
|---|---|
| Prevalence | Commonest renal tumor in children; affects 1 in 10,000 children |
| Age Group Affected | Mainly children aged 1–3 years, but can occur in other ages |
| 5-Year Survival Rate | Above 90% for localized disease, 75% for metastatic disease |
| Genetic Predisposition | Approximately 5% of patients have an underlying predisposing genetic syndrome |
| Number of Associated Syndromes | Over 50 predisposing syndromes identified |
| Initial Investigation | Abdominal ultrasound to confirm intrarenal mass, evaluate tumor extension and contralateral kidney involvement |
| Incidence | Very rare, fewer than 50 cases annually in the UK |
| Common Presentation | Abdominal mass (often primary sign) |
| Possible... |
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